Surah Al-Fatĥ (The Victory) - سورة الفتح
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
{ إنا فتحنا لك } قضينا بفتح مكة وغيرها في المستقبل عَنوة بجهادك { فتحا مبينا } بيِّنا ظاهرا .
Transliteration
Inna fatahna laka fathanmubeena
Sahih International
Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest
Malay
Sesungguhnya Kami telah membuka bagi perjuanganmu (wahai Muhammad) satu jalan kemenangan yang jelas nyata,
{ ليغفر لك الله } بجهادك { ما تقدم من ذنبك وما تأخر } منه لترغب أمتك في الجهاد وهو مؤول لعصمة الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام بالدليل العقلي القاطع من الذنوب واللام للعلة الغائية فمدخولها مسبب لا سبب { ويتم } بالفتح المذكور { نعمته } إنعامه { عليك ويهديك } به { صراطا } طريقا { مستقيما } يثبتك عليه وهو دين الإسلام .
Transliteration
Liyaghfira laka Allahu mataqaddama min thanbika wama taakhkhara wayutimmaniAAmatahu AAalayka wayahdiyaka siratan mustaqeema
Sahih International
That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow and complete His favor upon you and guide you to a straight path
Malay
Kemenangan yang dengan sebabnya Allah mengampunkan salah dan silapmu yang telah lalu dan yang terkemudian, dan menyempurnakan nikmatNya kepadamu, serta menambahkanmu hidayah ke jalan yang lurus (dalam mengembangkan Islam dan melaksanakan hukum-hukumnya).
{ وينصرك الله } به { نصرا عزيزا } ذا عز لا ذل له .
Transliteration
Wayansuraka Allahu nasranAAazeeza
Sahih International
And [that] Allah may aid you with a mighty victory.
Malay
Dan dengan sebabnya Allah memberikanmu pertolongan (untuk mencapai kejayaan) dengan sepunuh-penuh dan sehandal-handal pertolongan (yang tidak ada bandingannya).
{ هو الذي أنزل السكينة } الطمأنينة { في قلوب المؤمنين ليزدادوا إيمانا مع إيمانهم } بشرائع الدين كلما نزَّل واحدة منها آمنوا بها ومنها الجهاد { ولله جنود السماوات والأرض } فلو أراد نصر دينه بغيركم لفعل { وكان الله عليما } بخلقه { حكيما } في صنعه، أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Huwa allathee anzala assakeenatafee quloobi almu/mineena liyazdadoo eemanan maAAaeemanihim walillahi junoodu assamawatiwal-ardi wakana Allahu AAaleeman hakeema
Sahih International
It is He who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith. And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth, and ever is Allah Knowing and Wise.
Malay
(Tuhan yang membuka jalan kemenangan itu) Dia lah yang menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram ke dalam hati orang-orang yang beriman (semasa mereka meradang terhadap angkara musuh) supaya mereka bertambah iman dan yakin beserta dengan iman dan keyakinan mereka yang sedia ada; pada hal Allah menguasai tentera langit dan bumi (untuk menolong mereka); dan Allah adalah Maha Mengetahui, lagi Maha Bijaksana.
{ ليدخل } متعلق بمحذوف، أي أمر الجهاد { المؤمنين والمؤمنات جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها ويكفّر عنهم سيئاتهم وكان ذلك عند الله فوزا عظيما } .
Transliteration
Liyudkhila almu/mineena walmu/minatijannatin tajree min tahtiha al-anharukhalideena feeha wayukaffira AAanhum sayyi-atihimwakana thalika AAinda Allahi fawzan AAatheema
Sahih International
[And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds - and ever is that, in the sight of Allah , a great attainment -
Malay
(Allah melakukan yang demikian) supaya ia memasukkan orang-orang yang beriman - lelaki dan perempuan - ke dalam Syurga yang mengalir di bawahnya beberapa sungai; dengan keadaan kekal mereka di dalamnya, serta menghapuskan dosa-dosa mereka; dan adalah yang demikian itu pada sisi Allah merupakan kejayaan yang besar (untuk mereka);
{ ويُعذَِب المنافقين والمنافقات والمشركين والمشركات الظانين بالله ظن السَّوء } بفتح السين وضمها في المواضع الثلاثة، ظنوا أنه لا ينصر محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم والمؤمنين { عليهم دائرة السَّوء } بالذل والعذاب { وغضب الله عليهم ولعنهم } أبعدهم { وأعَدَّ لهم جهنم وساءت مصيرا } مرجعا .
Transliteration
WayuAAaththiba almunafiqeena walmunafiqatiwalmushrikeena walmushrikati aththanneenabillahi thanna assaw-iAAalayhim da-iratu assaw-i waghadiba AllahuAAalayhim walaAAanahum waaAAadda lahum jahannama wasaat maseera
Sahih International
And [that] He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women - those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature. Upon them is a misfortune of evil nature; and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them and prepared for them Hell, and evil it is as a destination.
Malay
Dan supaya Ia menyeksa orang-orang munafik - lelaki dan perempuan, dan orang-orang musyrik - lelaki dan perempuan, yang menyangka terhadap Allah dengan sangkaan yang buruk (bahawa Ia akan mengecewakan RasulNya). Atas merekalah tertimpanya bala bencana yang dibawa oleh peredaran zaman; dan (selain itu) Allah murkai mereka dan melaknatkan mereka serta menyediakan untuk mereka neraka Jahannam; sedang neraka Jahannam itu adalah seburuk-buruk tempat kembali.
{ ولله جنود السماوات والأرض وكان الله عزيزا } في ملكه { حكيما } في صنعه، أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Walillahi junoodu assamawatiwal-ardi wakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeema
Sahih International
And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.
Malay
Dan Allah menguasai tentera langit dan bumi (untuk menyeksa orang-orang yang derhaka); dan Allah adalah Maha Kuasa, lagi Maha Bijaksana.
{ إنا أرسلناك شاهدا } على أمتك في القيامة { ومبشرا } لهم في الدنيا { ونذيرا } منذرا مخّوفا فيها من عمل سوءا بالنار .
Transliteration
Inna arsalnaka shahidanwamubashshiran wanatheera
Sahih International
Indeed, We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner
Malay
Sesungguhnya Kami telah mengutusmu (wahai Muhammad) sebagai Rasul yang menjadi saksi (yang diterima keterangannya), dan sebagai pembawa berita gembira (kepada orang-orang yang beriman), serta pemberi amaran (kepada orang-orang yang ingkar).
{ ليؤمنوا بالله ورسوله } بالياء والتاء فيه وفي الثلاثة بعده { ويعزروه } ينصروه وقرئ بزايين مع الفوقانية { ويوقروه } يعظموه وضميرها لله أو لرسوله { ويسبحوه } أي الله { بكرة وأصيلا } بالغداة والعشيّ .
Transliteration
Litu/minoo billahi warasoolihiwatuAAazziroohu watuwaqqiroohu watusabbihoohu bukratan waaseela
Sahih International
That you [people] may believe in Allah and His Messenger and honor him and respect the Prophet and exalt Allah morning and afternoon.
Malay
(Kami mengutusmu wahai Muhammad) supaya engkau dan umatmu beriman kepada Allah dan RasulNya, dan supaya kamu kuatkan ugamaNya serta memuliakanNya, dan supaya kamu beribadat kepadaNya pada waktu pagi dan petang.
( إن الذين يبايعونك ) بيعة الرضوان بالحديبية . ( إنما يبايعون الله ) هو نحو "" من يطع الرسول فقد أطاع الله "" ( يد الله فوق أيديهم ) التي بايعوا بها النبي ، أي هو تعالى مطلع على مبايعتهم فيجازيهم عليها ( فمن نكث ) نقض البيعة ( فإنما ينكث ) يرجع وبال نقضه ( على نفسه ومن أوفى بما عاهد عليه الله فسيؤتيه ) بالياء والنون ( أجرا عظيما ) .
Transliteration
Inna allatheena yubayiAAoonakainnama yubayiAAoona Allaha yadu Allahifawqa aydeehim faman nakatha fa-innama yankuthu AAalanafsihi waman awfa bima AAahada AAalayhu Allahafasayu/teehi ajran AAatheema
Sahih International
Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah . The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward.
Malay
Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang memberi pengakuan taat setia kepadamu (wahai Muhammad - untuk berjuang menentang musuh), mereka hanyasanya memberikan pengakuan taat setia kepada Allah; Allah mengawasi keadaan mereka memberikan taat setia itu (untuk membalasnya). Oleh itu, sesiapa yang tidak menyempurnakan janji setianya maka bahaya tidak menyempurnakan itu hanya menimpa dirinya; dan sesiapa yang menyempurnakan apa yang telah dijanjikannya kepada Allah, maka Allah akan memberi kepadanya pahala yang besar.
{ سيقول لك المخلفون من الأعراب } حول المدينة، أي الذين خلفهم الله عن صحبتك لما طلبتهم ليخرجوا معك إلى مكة خوفا من تعرض قريش لك عام الحديبية إذا رجعت منها { شغلتنا أموالنا وأهلونا } عن الخروج معك { فاستغفر لنا } الله من تَرْك الخروج معك قال تعالى مكذبا لهم: { يقولون بألسنتهم } أي من طلب الاستغفار وما قبله { ما ليس في قلوبهم } فهم كاذبون في اعتذارهم { قل فمن } استفهام بمعنى النفي أي لا أحد { يملك لكم من الله شيئا إن أراد بكم ضَُرا } بفتح الضاد وضمها { أو أراد بكم نفعا بل كان الله بما تعملون خبيرا } أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Sayaqoolu laka almukhallafoona mina al-aAArabishaghalatna amwaluna waahloona fastaghfirlana yaqooloona bi-alsinatihim ma laysa feequloobihim qul faman yamliku lakum mina Allahi shay-an inarada bikum darran aw arada bikum nafAAanbal kana Allahu bima taAAmaloona khabeera
Sahih International
Those who remained behind of the bedouins will say to you, "Our properties and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not within their hearts. Say, "Then who could prevent Allah at all if He intended for you harm or intended for you benefit? Rather, ever is Allah , with what you do, Acquainted.
Malay
Orang-orang "A'raab" (kaum Arab Badwi) yang ketinggalan tidak turut (bersama-sama denganmu ke Hudaibiyah), akan berkata kepadamu (wahai Muhammad): "Kami telah dihalangi oleh urusan menjaga keselamatan harta benda dan anak isteri kami; oleh itu, pohonkanlah ampun kepada Allah untuk kami". Mereka berkata dengan lidahnya apa yang tidak ada dalam hatinya. Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad: "Jika demikian sebab ketinggalan kamu) maka adakah sesiapa yang berkuasa mempertahankan kamu daripada terkena atau menerima sesuatu ketetapan dari Allah jika Ia tetapkan kamu ditimpa bahaya atau beroleh manfaat? (Tidak ada sesiapapun, dan apa yang kamu katakan itu bukanlah menjadi sebab) bahkan Allah adalah Maha Mendalam pengetahuanNya tentang sebab ketinggalan yang kamu lakukan itu (dan Ia akan membalasnya).
{ بل } في الموضوعين للانتقال من غرض إلى آخر { ظننتم أن لن ينقلب الرسول والمؤمنون إلى أهليهم أبدا وزُيِّن ذلك في قلوبكم } أي أنهم يستأصلون بالقتل فلا يرجعون { وظننتم ظن السَّوء } هذا وغيره { وكنتم قوما بورا } جمع بائر، أي هالكين عند الله بهذا الظن .
Transliteration
Bal thanantum an lan yanqalibaarrasoolu walmu/minoona ila ahleehimabadan wazuyyina thalika fee quloobikum wathanantumthanna assaw-i wakuntum qawman boora
Sahih International
But you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ever, and that was made pleasing in your hearts. And you assumed an assumption of evil and became a people ruined."
Malay
"(Itu bukanlah sebabnya) bahkan sebabnya kamu telah menyangka bahawa Rasulullah dan orang-orang yang beriman (yang pergi berperang akan binasa semuanya dan) tidak akan kembali lagi kepada akan isteri dan keluarga masing-masing selama-lamanya; dan sangkaan yang demikian itu diperelokkan (oleh Syaitan) di dalam hati kamu (serta menerimanya); dan lagi kamu telah menyangka berbagai-bagai sangkaan yang buruk (terhadap ugama Allah yang dibawa oleh RasulNya); dan (dengan itu) menjadilah kamu kaum yang rosak binasa".
{ ومن لم يؤمن بالله ورسوله فإنا أعتدنا للكافرين سعيرا } نارا شديدة .
Transliteration
Waman lam yu/min billahiwarasoolihi fa-inna aAAtadna lilkafireenasaAAeera
Sahih International
And whoever has not believed in Allah and His Messenger - then indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers a Blaze.
Malay
Dan (ingatlah bahawa) sesiapa yang tidak beriman kepada Allah dan RasulNya, maka sesungguhnya Kami sediakan bagi orang-orang kafir itu api neraka yang menjulang-julang.
{ ولله ملك السماوات والأرض يغفر لمن يشاء ويعذِّب من يشاء وكان الله غفورا رحيما } أي لم يزل متصفا بما ذكر .
Transliteration
Walillahi mulku assamawatiwal-ardi yaghfiru liman yashao wayuAAaththibuman yashao wakana Allahu ghafooran raheema
Sahih International
And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.
Malay
Dan (ingatlah juga bahawa) kuasa pemerintahan langit dan bumi adalah hak kepunyaan Allah, Ia berkuasa mengampunkan sesiapa yang dikehendakiNya, dan Ia juga berkuasa menyeksa sesiapa yang dikehendakiNya; dan Allah adalah Maha Pengampun, lagi Maha Mengasihani.
{ سيقول المخلفون } المذكورون { إذا انطقتم إلى مغانم } هي مغانم خيبر، { لتأخذوها ذرونا } اتركونا { نتبعكم } لنأخذ منها { يريدون } بذلك { أن يبدّلوا كلام الله } وفي قراءة: كلِم الله بكسر اللام أي مواعيده بغنائم خيبر أهل الحديبية خاصة { قل لن تتبعونا كذالكم قال الله من قبل } أي قبل عودنا { فسيقولون بل تحسدوننا } أن نصيب معكم من الغنائم فقلتم ذلك { بل كانوا لا يفقهون } من الدين { إلا قليلا } منهم .
Transliteration
Sayaqoolu almukhallafoona itha intalaqtumila maghanima lita/khuthooha tharoonanattabiAAkum yureedoona an yubaddiloo kalama Allahiqul lan tattabiAAoona kathalikum qala Allahumin qablu fasayaqooloona bal tahsudoonana bal kanoola yafqahoona illa qaleela
Sahih International
Those who remained behind will say when you set out toward the war booty to take it, "Let us follow you." They wish to change the words of Allah . Say, "Never will you follow us. Thus did Allah say before." So they will say, "Rather, you envy us." But [in fact] they were not understanding except a little.
Malay
Orang-orang (munafik) yang tidak turut berjuang (bersama-sama kamu) akan berkata semasa kamu pergi (mengepong musuh serta) mendapat harta rampasan perang: Biarkanlah kami turut serta dengan kamu!" Mereka (dengan itu) hendak mengubah janji Allah (yang menentukan hanya orang-orang yang turut hadir di Hudaibiyah sahaja yang berhak mendapat harta rampasan perang itu). Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): "Kamu tidak dibenarkan sama sekali turut serta dengan kami; demikianlah Allah menegaskan (larangan itu) semenjak dahulu lagi". Mereka akan berkata pula: "(Bukan Tuhan yang melarang) bahkan kamu dengki kepada kami", (apa yang mereka katakan itu tidaklah benar), bahkan mereka tidak faham kecuali sedikit sahaja; (mereka hanya faham tentang kehidupan dan kesenangan dunia semata-mata).
{ قل للمخلفين من الأعراب } المذكورين اختبارا { ستدعوْن إلى قوم أولي } أصحاب { بأس شديد } قيل هم بنو حنيفة أصحاب اليمامة، وقيل فارس والروم { تقاتلونهم } حال مقدرة هي المدعو إليها في المعنى { أو } هم { يسلمون } فلا تقاتلون { فإن تطيعوا } إلى قتالهم { يؤتكم الله أجرا حسنا وإن تتولوا كما توليتم من قبل يعذّبكم عذابا أليما } مؤلما .
Transliteration
Qul lilmukhallafeena mina al-aAArabisatudAAawna ila qawmin olee ba/sin shadeedin tuqatiloonahumaw yuslimoona fa-in tuteeAAoo yu/tikumu Allahuajran hasanan wa-in tatawallaw kama tawallaytum minqablu yuAAaththibkum AAathaban aleema
Sahih International
Say to those who remained behind of the bedouins, "You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you may fight them, or they will submit. So if you obey, Allah will give you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment."
Malay
Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad) kepada orang-orang yang tidak turut berjuang (bersama-samamu) dari kalangan kaum-kaum Arab Badwi: "Kamu akan diajak menentang satu kaum (penceroboh) yang sangat kuat gagah supaya kamu memeranginya, atau mereka menurut perintah Islam (secara damai). Jika kamu taat (menjalankan perintah Allah ini), Allah akan mengurniakan kamu dengan balasan yang baik (di dunia dan akhirat), dan kalau kamu berpaling ingkar seperti keingkaran dahulu, nescaya Allah akan menyeksa kamu dengan azab yang tidak terperi sakitnya".
{ ليس على الأعمى حرج ولا على الأعرج حرج ولا على المريض حرج } في ترك الجهاد { ومن يطع الله ورسوله يدخله } بالياء والنون { جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار ومن يتول يعذّبه } بالياء والنون { عذابا أليما } .
Transliteration
Laysa AAala al-aAAma harajunwala AAala al-aAAraji harajun walaAAala almareedi harajun waman yutiAAiAllaha warasoolahu yudkhilhu jannatin tajree min tahtihaal-anharu waman yatawalla yuAAaththibhu AAathabanaleema
Sahih International
There is not upon the blind any guilt or upon the lame any guilt or upon the ill any guilt [for remaining behind]. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger - He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away - He will punish him with a painful punishment.
Malay
Tidaklah menjadi salah kepada orang buta, dan tidaklah menjadi salah kepada orang tempang, dan tidaklah menjadi salah kepada orang sakit (tidak turut berperang, kerana masing-masing ada uzurnya). Dan (ingatlah), sesiapa yang taat kepada Allah dan RasulNya, akan dimasukkanNya ke dalam Syurga yang mengalir di bawahnya beberapa sungai; dan sesiapa yang berpaling ingkar, akan diseksaNya dengan azab yang tidak terperi sakitnya.
{ لقد رضي الله عن المؤمنين إذ يبايعونك } بالحديبية { تحت الشجرة } هي سمرة، وهم ألف وثلثمائة أو أكثر ثم بايعهم على أن يناجزوا قريشا وأن لا يفروا من الموت { فعلم } الله { ما في قلوبهم } من الصدق والوفاء { فأنزل السكينة عليهم وأثابهم فتحا قريبا } هو فتح خيبر بعد انصرافهم من الحديبية .
Transliteration
Laqad radiya Allahu AAanialmu/mineena ith yubayiAAoonaka tahta ashshajaratifaAAalima ma fee quloobihim faanzala asakeenataAAalayhim waathabahum fathan qareeba
Sahih International
Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest
Malay
Demi sesungguhnya! Allah reda akan orang-orang yang beriman, ketika mereka memberikan pengakuan taat setia kepadamu (wahai Muhammad) di bawah naungan pohon (yang termaklum di Hudaibiyah); maka (dengan itu) ternyata apa yang sedia diketahuiNya tentang (kebenaran iman dan taat setia) yang ada dalam hati mereka, lalu Ia menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram kepada mereka, dan membalas mereka dengan kemenangan yang dekat masa datangnya;
{ ومغانم كبيرة يأخذونها } من خيبر { وكان الله عزيزا حكيما } أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Wamaghanima katheeratan ya/khuthoonahawakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeema
Sahih International
And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.
Malay
Dan juga dengan banyak harta rampasan perang, yang mereka akan dapat mengambilnya. Dan (ingatlah), Allah adalah Maha kuasa, lagi Maha Bijaksana.
{ وعدكم الله مغانم كثيرة تأخذونها } من الفتوحات { فعجَّل لكم هذه } غنيمة خيبر { وكفَّ أيدي الناس عنكم } في عيالكم لما خرجتم وهمت بهم اليهود فقذف الله في قلوبهم الرعب { ولتكون } أي المعجلة عطف على مقدر، أي لتشكروه { آية للمؤمنين } في نصرهم { ويهديكم صراطا مستقيما } أي طريق التوكل عليه وتفويض الأمر إليه تعالى .
Transliteration
WaAAadakumu Allahu maghanimakatheeratan ta/khuthoonaha faAAajjala lakum hathihiwakaffa aydiya annasi AAankum walitakoona ayatanlilmu/mineena wayahdiyakum siratan mustaqeema
Sahih International
Allah has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path.
Malay
(Sebagai memuliakan orang-orang yang memberi pengakuan taat setianya di Hudaibiyah, Tuhan menujukan firmannya kepada mereka): Allah menjanjikan kepada kamu harta rampasan yang banyak yang kamu akan mengambilnya, lalu Ia menyegerakan untuk kamu harta rampasan perang ini, serta Ia telah menahan tangan manusia (pihak musuh di situ) daripada menyerang kamu; (Allah melakukan yang demikian supaya kamu beroleh manfaat) dan supaya menjadi tanda (yang membuktikan kebenaran janjiNya) bagi orang-orang yang beriman, dan juga supaya Ia menambahkan kamu hidayah ke jalan yang lurus.
{ وأخرى } صفة مغانم مقدرا مبتدأ { لم تقدروا عليها } هي من فارس والروم { قد أحاط الله بها } علم أنها ستكون لكم { وكان الله على كل شيء قديرا } أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Waokhra lam taqdiroo AAalayhaqad ahata Allahu biha wakana AllahuAAala kulli shay-in qadeera
Sahih International
And [He promises] other [victories] that you were [so far] unable to [realize] which Allah has already encompassed. And ever is Allah , over all things, competent.
Malay
Dan ada lagi harta rampasan lain yang kamu belum dapat menguasainya, (tetapi) Allah telah memelihara harta itu dengan kekuasaanNya (untuk kamu mendapatnya); dan (ingatlah), Allah adalah Maha Kuasa atas tiap-tiap sesuatu.
{ ولو قاتلكم الذين كفروا } بالحديبية { لولّوا الأدبار ثم لا يجدون وليا } يحرسهم { ولا نصيرا } .
Transliteration
Walaw qatalakumu allatheenakafaroo lawallawoo al-adbara thumma la yajidoonawaliyyan wala naseera
Sahih International
And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper.
Malay
Dan sekiranya orang-orang kafir (dari penduduk Makkah) itu memerangi kamu (di Hudaibiyah), tentulah mereka akan berpaling melarikan diri dengan kekalahan; kemudian mereka tidak akan beroleh sesiapapun yang menjadi pelindung atau memberikan pertolongan.
{ سنة الله } مصدر مؤكد لمضمون الجملة قبله من هزيمة الكافرين ونصر المؤمنين، أي سَنَّ الله ذلك سُنَّة { التي قد خلت من قبل ولن تجد لسنة الله تبديلا } منه .
Transliteration
Sunnata Allahi allatee qad khalat minqablu walan tajida lisunnati Allahi tabdeela
Sahih International
[This is] the established way of Allah which has occurred before. And never will you find in the way of Allah any change.
Malay
(Kekalahan orang-orang yang menentang Rasul Allah sudah tetap menurut) "Sunnatullah" (peraturan Allah) yang telah berlaku semenjak dahulu lagi; dan engkau tidak akan mendapati sebarang perubahan bagi cara dan peraturan Allah itu.
{ وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم ببطن مكة } بالحديبية { من بعد أن أظفركم عليهم } فإن ثمانين منهم طافوا بعسكركم ليصيبوا منكم فأخذوا وأتي بهم إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فعفا عنهم وخلى سبيلهم فكان ذلك سبب الصلح { وكان الله بما يعملون بصيرا } بالياء والتاء، أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك .
Transliteration
Wahuwa allathee kaffa aydiyahumAAankum waaydiyakum AAanhum bibatni makkata min baAAdi anathfarakum AAalayhim wakana Allahubima taAAmaloona baseera
Sahih International
And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do, Seeing.
Malay
Dan Dia lah yang telah menahan tangan mereka (yang musyrik) daripada melakukan perkara yang buruk terhadap kamu, dan tangan kamu daripada berbuat demikian kepada mereka di kawasan Makkah, sesudah Ia menjadikan kamu dapat menewaskan mereka. Dan (ingatlah), Allah adalah Maha Melihat akan segala yang kamu kerjakan.
{ هم الذين كفروا وصدوكم عن المسجد الحرام } أي عن الوصول إليه { والهدي } معطوف على كم { معكوفا } محبوسا حال { أن يبلغ محله } أي مكانه الذي ينحر فيه عادة وهو الحرم بدل اشتمال { ولولا رجال مؤمنون ونساء مؤمنات } موجودون بمكة مع الكفار { لم تعلموهم } بصفة الإيمان { أن تطئوهم } أي تقتلوهم مع الكفار لو أذن لكم في الفتح بدل اشتمال من هم { فتصيبكم منهم معرة } أي إثم { بغير علم } منكم به وضمائر الغيبة للصنفين بتغليب الذكور، وجواب لولا محذوف، أي لأذن لكم في الفتح لكن لم يؤذن فيه حينئذ { ليدخل الله في رحمته من يشاء } كالمؤمنين المذكورين { لو تزيَّلوا } تميزوا عن الكفار { لعذَّبنا الذين كفروا منهم } من أهل مكة حينئذ بأن نأذن لكم في فتحها { عذابا أليما } مؤلما .
Transliteration
Humu allatheena kafaroo wasaddookumAAani almasjidi alharami walhadyamaAAkoofan an yablugha mahillahu walawla rijalunmu/minoona wanisaon mu/minatun lam taAAlamoohum antataoohum fatuseebakum minhum maAAarratun bighayriAAilmin liyudkhila Allahu fee rahmatihi man yashaolaw tazayyaloo laAAaththabna allatheenakafaroo minhum AAathaban aleema
Sahih International
They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Haram while the offering was prevented from reaching its place of sacrifice. And if not for believing men and believing women whom you did not know - that you might trample them and there would befall you because of them dishonor without [your] knowledge - [you would have been permitted to enter Makkah]. [This was so] that Allah might admit to His mercy whom He willed. If they had been apart [from them], We would have punished those who disbelieved among them with painful punishment
Malay
Mereka itulah orang-orang yang kafir dan menghalang kamu daripada masuk ke masjid Al-Haraam (Makkah Al-Mukarramah) serta (menyebabkan) binatang-binatang korban (yang kamu bawa): tertahan dari sampai ke tempat sembelihannya. Dan kalaulah tidak kerana kemungkinan kamu akan melakukan pembunuhan yang tidak sengaja terhadap beberapa orang yang beriman, lelaki dan perempuan, yang ada di antara orang-orang kafir itu, pada hal kamu tidak mengetahui mereka beriman, yang akibatnya kamu akan menanggung kesusahan dan dukacita disebabkan pembunuhan mereka, - (tentulah diizinkan kamu menyerang kaum musyrik yang mengancam kamu itu). (Tetapi tidak diizinkan) kerana Allah hendak memasukkan sesiapa yang dikehendakiNya ke dalam rahmatNya. Kalaulah mereka (penduduk Makkah - yang beriman dan yang musyrik) itu berpisahan (di antara satu puak dengan yang lain), tentulah Kami menyeksa orang-orang yang kafir dari mereka dengan seksa (di dunia) yang tidak terperi sakitnya.
{ إذ جعل } متعلق بعذبنا { الذين كفروا } فاعل { في قلوبهم الحمية } الأنفة من الشيء { حمية الجاهلية } بدل من الحمية وهي صدهم النبي وأصحابه عن المسجد الحرام { فأنزل الله سكينته على رسول وعلى المؤمنين } فصالحوهم على أن يعودوا من قابل ولم يلحقهم من الحمية ما لحق الكفار حتى يقاتلوهم { وألزمهم } أي المؤمنين { كلمة التقوى } لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله وأضيفت إلى التقوى لأنها سببها { وكانوا أحق بها } بالكلمة من الكفار { وأهلها } عطف تفسيري { وكان الله بكل شيء عليما } أي لم يزل منصفا بذلك ومن معلومة تعالى أنهم أهلها .
Transliteration
Ith jaAAala allatheena kafaroofee quloobihimu alhamiyyata hamiyyata aljahiliyyatifaanzala Allahu sakeenatahu AAala rasoolihi waAAalaalmu/mineena waalzamahum kalimata attaqwa wakanooahaqqa biha waahlaha wakana Allahubikulli shay-in AAaleema
Sahih International
When those who disbelieved had put into their hearts chauvinism - the chauvinism of the time of ignorance. But Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers and imposed upon them the word of righteousness, and they were more deserving of it and worthy of it. And ever is Allah , of all things, Knowing.
Malay
(Ingatlah dan kenangkanlah ihsan Tuhan kepada kamu) ketika orang-orang yang kafir itu menimbulkan perasaan sombong angkuh yang ada dalam hati mereka (terhadap kebenaran Islam) - perasaan sombong angkuh secara Jahiliyah (yang menyebabkan kamu panas hati dan terharu), lalu Allah menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram kepada RasulNya dan kepada orang-orang yang beriman (sehingga tercapailah perdamaian), serta meminta mereka tetap berpegang kepada "Kalimah Taqwa", sedang mereka (di sisi Allah) adalah orang-orang yang sangat berhak dengan "kalimah Taqwa" itu serta menjadi ahlinya. Dan (ingatlah), Allah adalah Maha Mengetahui akan tiap-tiap sesuatu.
{ لقد صدق الله رسوله الرؤيا بالحقِّ } رأى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في النوم عام الحديبية قبل خروجه أنه يدخل مكة هو وأصحابه آمنين ويحلقون ويقصرون فأخبر بذلك أصحابه ففرحوا فلما خرجوا معه وصدهم الكفار بالحديبية ورجعوا وشق عليهم ذلك وراب بعض المنافقين نزلت، وقوله بالحق متعلق بصدق أو حال من الرؤيا وما بعدها تفسيرها { لتدخلنِّ المسجد الحرام إنْ شاء الله } للتبرك { آمنين محلقين رءوسكم } أي جميع شعورها { ومقصرين } بعض شعورها وهما حالان مقدرتان { لا تخافون } أبدا { فعلم } في الصلح { ما لم تعلموا } من الصلاح { فجعل من دون ذلك } أي الدخول { فتحا قريبا } هو فتح خيبر وتحققت الرؤيا في العام القابل .
Transliteration
Laqad sadaqa Allahu rasoolahuarru/ya bilhaqqi latadkhulunnaalmasjida alharama in shaa Allahu amineenamuhalliqeena ruoosakum wamuqassireena latakhafoona faAAalima ma lam taAAlamoo fajaAAala mindooni thalika fathan qareeba
Sahih International
Certainly has Allah showed to His Messenger the vision in truth. You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety, with your heads shaved and [hair] shortened, not fearing [anyone]. He knew what you did not know and has arranged before that a conquest near [at hand].
Malay
Demi sesungguhnya! Allah tetap menyatakan benar RasulNya dalam perkara mimpi itu dengan kenyataan yang sebenar; iaitu sesungguhnya kamu tetap akan memasuki Masjid Al-Haraam - insya Allah (pada masa yang ditentukanNya) - dalam keadaan aman (menyempurnakan ibadat umrah kamu) dengan mencukur kepala kamu, dan kalau (tidak pun) menggunting sedikit rambutnya, serta kamu tidak merasa takut (akan pengkhianatan musuh sehingga kamu keluar balik dari situ). (Allah mengangguhkan berlakunya kenyataan itu) kerana Ia mengetahui (adanya feadah dalam penangguhan itu) yang kamu tidak mengetahuinya; maka Ia menyediakan sebelum (terlaksananya mimpi) itu, satu kemenangan yang dekat (masa berlakunnya).
{ هو الذي أرسل رسوله بالهدى ودين الحقّ ليظهره } أي دين الحق { على الدين كله } على جميع باقي الأديان { وكفى بالله شهيدا } أنك مرسل بما ذكر كما قال الله تعالى .
Transliteration
Huwa allathee arsala rasoolahu bilhudawadeeni alhaqqi liyuthhirahu AAala addeenikullihi wakafa billahi shaheeda
Sahih International
It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion. And sufficient is Allah as Witness.
Malay
(Allah yang menyatakan itu) Dia lah yang telah mengutus RasulNya (Muhammad, s.a.w) dengan membawa hidayah petunjuk dan ugama yang benar (ugama Islam), supaya Dia memenangkannya dan meninggikannya atas segala bawaan ugama yang lain; dan cukuplah Allah menjadi Saksi (tentang kebenaran apa yang dibawa oleh RasulNya itu).
{ محمد } مبتدأ { رسول الله } خبره والذين معه } أي أصحابه من المؤمنين مبتدأ خبره { أشداء } غلاظ { على الكفار } لا يرحمونهم { رحماء بينهم } خبر ثان، أي متعاطفون متوادون كالوالد مع الولد { تراهم } تبصرهم { ركعا سجدا } حالان { يبتغون } مستأنف يطلبون { فضلا من الله ورضوانا سيماهم } علامتهم مبتدأ { في وجوههم } خبره وهو نور وبياض يُعرفون به في الآخرة أنهم سجدوا في الدنيا { من أثر السجود } متعلق بما تعلق به الخبر، أي كائنة وأعرب حالا من ضميره المنتقل إلى الخبر { ذلك } الوصف المذكور { مثلهم } صفتهم مبتدأ { في التوراة } خبره { ومثلهم في الإنجيل } مبتدأ خبره { كزرع أخرج شطأه } بسكون الطاء وفتحها: فراخه { فآزره } بالمد والقصر قواه وأعانه { فاستغلظ } غلظ { فاستوى } قوي واستقام { على سوقه } أصوله جمع ساق { يعجب الزراع } أي زرَّاعه لحسنه، مثل الصحابة رضي الله عنهم بذلك لأنهم بدأوا في قلة وضعف فكثروا وقووا على أحسن الوجوه { ليغيظ بهم الكفار } متعلق بمحذوف دل عليه ما قبله، أي شبهوا بذلك { وعد الله الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات منهم } الصحابة ومن لبيان الجنس لا للتبعيض لأنهم كلهم بالصفة المذكورة { مغفرة وأجرا عظيما } الجنة وهما لمن بعدهم أيضا في آيات.
Transliteration
Muhammadun rasoolu Allahi wallatheenamaAAahu ashiddao AAala alkuffari ruhamaobaynahum tarahum rukkaAAan sujjadan yabtaghoona fadlanmina Allahi waridwanan seemahum feewujoohihim min athari assujoodi thalika mathaluhumfee attawrati wamathaluhum fee al-injeelikazarAAin akhraja shat-ahu faazarahu fastaghlathafastawa AAala sooqihi yuAAjibu azzurraAAaliyagheetha bihimu alkuffara waAAada Allahuallatheena amanoo waAAamiloo assalihatiminhum maghfiratan waajran AAatheema
Sahih International
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating [in prayer], seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow firm and stand upon their stalks, delighting the sowers - so that Allah may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward.
Malay
Nabi Muhammad (s.a.w) ialah Rasul Allah; dan orang-orang yang bersama dengannya bersikap keras dan tegas terhadap orang-orang kafir yang (memusuhi Islam), dan sebaiknya bersikap kasih sayang serta belas kasihan kasihan sesama sendiri (umat Islam). Engkau melihat mereka tetap beribadat rukuk dan sujud, dengan mengharapkan limpah kurnia (pahala) dari Tuhan mereka serta mengharapkan keredaanNya. Tanda yang menunjukkan mereka (sebagai orang-orang yang soleh) terdapat muka mereka - dari kesan sujud (dan ibadat mereka yang ikhlas). Demikianlah sifat mereka yang tersebut di dalam Kitab Taurat; dan sifat mereka di dalam Kitab Injil pula ialah: (bahawa mereka diibaratkan) sebagai pokok tanaman yang mengeluarkan anak dan tunasnya, lalu anak dan tunasnya itu menyuburkannya, sehingga ia menjadi kuat, lalu ia tegap berdiri di atas (pangkal) batangnya dengan keadaan yang mengkagumkan orang-orang yang menanamnya. (Allah menjadikan sahabat-sahabat Nabi Muhammad, s.a.w dan pengikut-pengikutnya kembang biak serta kuat gagah sedemikian itu) kerana Ia hendak menjadikan orang-orang kafir merana dengan perasaan marah dan hasad dengki - dengan kembang biaknya umat Islam itu. (Dan selain itu) Allah telah menjanjikan orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal soleh dari mereka, keampunan dan pahala yang besar.
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Semoga Allah Subha-nahu-wa-taala memberkati kita semua.
BismillahirRahmanirRahim
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
48. Al-Fat-h Introduction
Name
It is derived from the words Inna fatah-na laka fat-han mubina of the very first verse. This is not only a name of the Surah but also its title in view of the subject matter, for it deals with the great victory that Allah granted to the Holy Prophet and the Muslims in the form of the Truce of Hudaibiyah.
Period of Revelation
Traditions concur that it was sent down in Dhil-Qadah, A. H. 6, at a time when the Holy Prophet was on his return journey to Madinah after concluding the Truce of Hudaibiyah with the disbelievers of Makkah.
Historical Background
The events in connection with which this Surah was sent down began life this: One day the Holy Prophet saw in a dream that he had gone to Makkah with his Companions and had performed the umrah there. Obviously, the Prophet’s dream could not be a mere dream and fiction for it is a kind of Divine inspiration as Allah Himself has confirmed in verse 27 below and said that He Himself had shown that dream to His Messenger. Therefore, it was not merely a dream but a Divine inspiration which the Holy Prophet had to obey and follow.
Apparently, there was no possible way of acting on this inspiration. The disbelieving Quraish had debarred the Muslims from proceeding to the Ka’bah for the past 6 years and no Muslim had been allowed during that period to approach the Kabah for the purpose of performing hajj and umrah.
Therefore, it could not be expected that they would allow the Holy Prophet to enter Makkah along with a party of his Companions. If they had proceeded to Makkah in the pilgrim garments with the intention of performing umrah, along with their arms, this would have provoked the enemy to war, and if they had proceeded unarmed, this would have meant endangering his own as well as his Companions’ lives. Under conditions such as these nobody could see and suggest how the Divine inspiration could be acted upon.
Therefore, it could not be expected that they would allow the Holy Prophet to enter Makkah along with a party of his Companions. If they had proceeded to Makkah in the pilgrim garments with the intention of performing umrah, along with their arms, this would have provoked the enemy to war, and if they had proceeded unarmed, this would have meant endangering his own as well as his Companions’ lives. Under conditions such as these nobody could see and suggest how the Divine inspiration could be acted upon.
But the Prophet’s position was different. It demanded that he should carry out whatever Command his Lord gave fearlessly and without any apprehension and doubt. Therefore, the Holy Prophet informed his Companions of his dream and began to make preparations for the journey. Among the tribes living in the suburbs also he had the public announcement made that he was proceeding for umrah and the people could join him.
Those who could only see the apparent conditions thought that he and his Companions were going into the very jaws of death none of them therefore was inclined to accompany him in the expedition. But those who had true faith in Allah and His Messenger were least bothered about the consequences.
For them this information was enough that it was a Divine inspiration and Allah’s Prophet had made up his mind to carry it into effect. After this nothing could hinder them from accompanying the Messenger of Allah. Thus, 1,400 of the Companions became ready to follow him on this highly dangerous journey.
Those who could only see the apparent conditions thought that he and his Companions were going into the very jaws of death none of them therefore was inclined to accompany him in the expedition. But those who had true faith in Allah and His Messenger were least bothered about the consequences.
For them this information was enough that it was a Divine inspiration and Allah’s Prophet had made up his mind to carry it into effect. After this nothing could hinder them from accompanying the Messenger of Allah. Thus, 1,400 of the Companions became ready to follow him on this highly dangerous journey.
This blessed caravan set off from Madinah in the beginning of Dhil Qa’dah, A. H. 6. At Dhul Hulaifah they entered the pilgrims robe with the intention of umrah, took 70 camels with collars round their necks indicating that they were sacrificial animals; kept only a sword each in sheaths, which the pilgrims to the Kabah were allowed to carry according to the recognized custom of Arabia, but no other weapon. Thus, the caravan set out for the Ka’bah, the House of Allah, at Makkah, chanting the prescribed slogan of Labbaik, Allahuma Labbaik.
The nature of the relations between Makkah and Madinah in those days was known too well to every Arab. Just the previous year, in Shawwal A. H. 5, the Quraish mustering the united strength of the Arab tribes had invaded Madinah and the well known Battle of the Trench had taken place.
Therefore, when the Holy Prophet along with such a large caravan set off for the home of his blood-thirsty enemy, the whole of Arabia looked up with amazement, and the people also noticed that the caravan was not going with the intention to fight but was proceeding to the House of Allah in a forbidden month in the pilgrims garb carrying sacrificial animals and was absolutely unarmed.
Therefore, when the Holy Prophet along with such a large caravan set off for the home of his blood-thirsty enemy, the whole of Arabia looked up with amazement, and the people also noticed that the caravan was not going with the intention to fight but was proceeding to the House of Allah in a forbidden month in the pilgrims garb carrying sacrificial animals and was absolutely unarmed.
The Quraish were confounded at this bold step taken by the Holy Prophet. Dhil-Qa’dah was one of those forbidden months which had been held as sacred for pilgrimage in Arabia for centuries. Nobody had a right to interfere with a caravan which might be coming for hajj or umrah in the pilgrims garb in this month; so much so that even an enemy tribe could not hinder it from passing through its territory according to the recognized law of the land.
The Quraish therefore were caught in a dilemma, for if they attacked this caravan from Madinah and stopped it from entering Makkah, this would arouse a clamor of protest in the whole country, and all the Arab tribes would have the misgiving that the Quraish had monopolized the Ka’bah as exclusively their own, and every tribe would be involved in the mistrust that now it depended on the will of the Quraish to allow or not to allow anyone to perform hajj or umrah in the future and that they would stop any tribe with which they were angry from visiting the Ka’bah just as they had stopped the Madinese pilgrims.
This they thought would be a grave mistake, which would cause the entire Arabia to revolt against them. But, on the other hand, if they allowed Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace and blessings) and his large caravan to enter their city safely, they would lose their image of power in Arabia and the people would say that they were afraid of Muhammad.
At last, after a great deal of confusion, perplexity and hesitation they were overcome by their false sense of honor and for the sake of their prestige they took the decision that they would at no cost allow the caravan to enter the city of Makkah.
The Quraish therefore were caught in a dilemma, for if they attacked this caravan from Madinah and stopped it from entering Makkah, this would arouse a clamor of protest in the whole country, and all the Arab tribes would have the misgiving that the Quraish had monopolized the Ka’bah as exclusively their own, and every tribe would be involved in the mistrust that now it depended on the will of the Quraish to allow or not to allow anyone to perform hajj or umrah in the future and that they would stop any tribe with which they were angry from visiting the Ka’bah just as they had stopped the Madinese pilgrims.
This they thought would be a grave mistake, which would cause the entire Arabia to revolt against them. But, on the other hand, if they allowed Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace and blessings) and his large caravan to enter their city safely, they would lose their image of power in Arabia and the people would say that they were afraid of Muhammad.
At last, after a great deal of confusion, perplexity and hesitation they were overcome by their false sense of honor and for the sake of their prestige they took the decision that they would at no cost allow the caravan to enter the city of Makkah.
The Holy Prophet had despatched a man of the Bani Ka’b as a secret agent so that he may keep him fully informed of the intentions and movements of the Quraish. When the Holy Prophet reached Usfan, he brought the news that the Quraish had reached Dhi Tuwa with full preparations and they had sent Khalid bin Walid with two hundred cavalry men in advance towards Kura’al Ghamim to intercept him. The Quraish wanted somehow to provoke the Holy Prophet’s Companions into fighting so that they may tell the Arabs that those people had actually come to fight and had put on the pilgrims garments for umrah only to deceive others.
Immediately on receipt of this information the Holy Prophet changed his route and following a very rugged, rocky track reached Hudaibiyah, which was situated right on the boundary of the sacred Makkan territory.
Here, he was visited by Budail bin Warqa the chief of the Bani Khuza’ah, along with some men of his tribe. They asked what he had come for. The Holy Prophet replied that he and his Companions bad come only for pilgrimage to the House of Allah and for going round it in worship and not for war.
The men of Khuza’ah went and told this to the Quraish chiefs and counseled them not to interfere with the pilgrims. But the Quraish were obstinate. They sent Hulays bin Alqamah, the chief of the Ahabish, to the Holy Prophet to persuade him to go back. Their object was that when Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace) would not listen to Hulays, he would come back disappointed and then the entire power of the Ahabish would be on their side.
But when Hulays went and saw that the whole caravan had put on the pilgrims garments, had brought sacrificial camels with festive collars round their necks, and had come for doing reverence to the House of Allah and not to fight, he returned to Makkah without having any dialogue with the Holy Prophet and told the Quraish chiefs plainly that those people bad no other object but to pay a visit to the Ka’bah; if they debarred them from it, the Ahabish would not join them in that, because they had not become their allies to support them even if they violated the sacred customs and traditions.
Here, he was visited by Budail bin Warqa the chief of the Bani Khuza’ah, along with some men of his tribe. They asked what he had come for. The Holy Prophet replied that he and his Companions bad come only for pilgrimage to the House of Allah and for going round it in worship and not for war.
The men of Khuza’ah went and told this to the Quraish chiefs and counseled them not to interfere with the pilgrims. But the Quraish were obstinate. They sent Hulays bin Alqamah, the chief of the Ahabish, to the Holy Prophet to persuade him to go back. Their object was that when Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace) would not listen to Hulays, he would come back disappointed and then the entire power of the Ahabish would be on their side.
But when Hulays went and saw that the whole caravan had put on the pilgrims garments, had brought sacrificial camels with festive collars round their necks, and had come for doing reverence to the House of Allah and not to fight, he returned to Makkah without having any dialogue with the Holy Prophet and told the Quraish chiefs plainly that those people bad no other object but to pay a visit to the Ka’bah; if they debarred them from it, the Ahabish would not join them in that, because they had not become their allies to support them even if they violated the sacred customs and traditions.
Then the Quraish sent `Urwah bin Mas’ud Thaqafi; he had lengthy negotiations with the Holy Prophet in an effort to persuade him to give up his intention to enter Makkah. But the Holy Prophet gave him also the same reply that he had given to the chief of the Khuza’ah, that they had not come to fight but to do honor to the House of Allah and carry out a religious duty.
Urwah went back and said to the Quraish: “I have been to the courts of the Caesar and Khosroes, and the Negus also, but by God, never have I seen any people so devoted to a king as are the Companions of Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace and blessings) to him. If Muhammad makes his ablutions they would not let the water thereof fall on the ground but would rub it on their bodies and clothes. Now you may decide as to what you should do.”
Urwah went back and said to the Quraish: “I have been to the courts of the Caesar and Khosroes, and the Negus also, but by God, never have I seen any people so devoted to a king as are the Companions of Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace and blessings) to him. If Muhammad makes his ablutions they would not let the water thereof fall on the ground but would rub it on their bodies and clothes. Now you may decide as to what you should do.”
In the meantime when the messages were coming and the negotiations were going on, the Quraish tried again and again to quietly launch sudden attacks on the Muslim camp in order to provoke the Companions and somehow incite them to war, but every time they did so the Companions’ forbearance and patience and the Holy Prophet’s wisdom and sagacity frustrated their designs.
On one occasion forty or fifty of their men came at night and attacked the Muslim camp with stones and arrows. The Companions arrested all of them and took them before the Holy Prophet, but he let them go. On another occasion 80 men came from the direction of Tan’im right at the time of the Fajr Prayer and made a sudden attack. They were also caught, but the Holy Prophet forgave them, too. Thus, the Quraish went on meeting failure after failure in every one of their designs.
On one occasion forty or fifty of their men came at night and attacked the Muslim camp with stones and arrows. The Companions arrested all of them and took them before the Holy Prophet, but he let them go. On another occasion 80 men came from the direction of Tan’im right at the time of the Fajr Prayer and made a sudden attack. They were also caught, but the Holy Prophet forgave them, too. Thus, the Quraish went on meeting failure after failure in every one of their designs.
At last, the Holy Prophet sent Hadrat Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) as his own messenger to Makkah with the message that they had not come to fight but only for pilgrimage and had brought their sacrificial camels along, and they would go back after performing the rite of pilgrimage and offering the sacrifice.
But the Quraish did not agree and withheld Hadrat Uthman in the city. In the meantime a rumor spread that Hadrat Uthman had been killed; and when he did not return in time the Muslims took the rumor to be true.
Now they could show no more forbearance. Entry into Makkah was different for there was no intention to use force. But when the ambassador was put to death, the Muslims had no alternative but to prepare for war. Therefore, the Holy Prophet summoned all his Companions together and took a solemn pledge from them that they would fight to death. In view of the critical occasion it was not an ordinary undertaking.
The Muslims numbered only 1400 and had come without any weapons, were encamping at the boundary of Makkah, 250 miles away from their own city, and the enemy could attack them in full strength, and could surround them with its allies from the adjoining tribes as well. In spite of this, none from the caravan except one man failed to give his pledge to fight to death, and there could be no greater proof of their dedication and sincerity than that in the cause of Allah. This pledge is well known in the history of Islam as the pledge of Ridwan.
But the Quraish did not agree and withheld Hadrat Uthman in the city. In the meantime a rumor spread that Hadrat Uthman had been killed; and when he did not return in time the Muslims took the rumor to be true.
Now they could show no more forbearance. Entry into Makkah was different for there was no intention to use force. But when the ambassador was put to death, the Muslims had no alternative but to prepare for war. Therefore, the Holy Prophet summoned all his Companions together and took a solemn pledge from them that they would fight to death. In view of the critical occasion it was not an ordinary undertaking.
The Muslims numbered only 1400 and had come without any weapons, were encamping at the boundary of Makkah, 250 miles away from their own city, and the enemy could attack them in full strength, and could surround them with its allies from the adjoining tribes as well. In spite of this, none from the caravan except one man failed to give his pledge to fight to death, and there could be no greater proof of their dedication and sincerity than that in the cause of Allah. This pledge is well known in the history of Islam as the pledge of Ridwan.
Later it was known that the news about Hadrat Uthman was false. Not only did he return but under Suhail bin ‘Amr from the Quraish also arrived a deputation to negotiate peace with the Holy Prophet. Now, the Quraish no more insisted that they would disallow the Holy Prophet and his Companions to enter Makkah. However, in order to save their face they only insisted that he went back that year but could come the following year to perform the umrah. After lengthy negotiations peace was concluded on the following terms:
War would remain suspended for ten years, and no party would indulge in any hostility, open or secret, against the other.
If any one during that period from among the Quraish went over to Muhammad, without his guardian’s permission, he would return him to them, but if a Companion of Muhammad came oven to the Quraish, they would not return him to him.
Every Arab tribe would have the option to join either side as its ally and enter the treaty.
Muhammad and his men would go back that year and could come the following year for umrah and stay in Makkah for three days, provided that they brought only one sheathed sword each, and no other weapon of war. In those three days the Makkans would vacate the city for them (so that there was no chance of a clash), but they would not be allowed to take along any Makkan on return.
When the conditions of the treaty were being settled, the whole of the Muslim army was feeling greatly upset. No one understood the expedience because of which the Holy Prophet was accepting the conditions. No one was far sighted enough to foresee the great benefit that was to result from this treaty.
The disbelieving Quraish looked at it as their victory, and the Muslims were upset as to why they should be humiliated to accepting those mean conditions. Even a statesman of th calibre of Hadrat Umar says that he had never given way to doubt since the time he had embraced Islam but on this occasion he also could not avoid it.
Impatient he went to Hadrat Abu Bakr and said “Is he (the Holy Prophet) not Allah’s Messenger, and are we not Muslims, and are they not polytheists? Then, why should we agree to what is humiliating to our Faith?” He replied “O Umar, he is surely Allah’s Messenger, and Allah will never make him the loser.”
Unsatisfied he went to the Holy Prophet himself and put the same questions to him, and he also gave him the same replies as Hadrat Abu Bakr had given. Afterwards Hadrat Umar continued to offer voluntary prayers and give aims so that Allah may pardon his insolence that he had shown towards the Holy Prophet on that occasion.
The disbelieving Quraish looked at it as their victory, and the Muslims were upset as to why they should be humiliated to accepting those mean conditions. Even a statesman of th calibre of Hadrat Umar says that he had never given way to doubt since the time he had embraced Islam but on this occasion he also could not avoid it.
Impatient he went to Hadrat Abu Bakr and said “Is he (the Holy Prophet) not Allah’s Messenger, and are we not Muslims, and are they not polytheists? Then, why should we agree to what is humiliating to our Faith?” He replied “O Umar, he is surely Allah’s Messenger, and Allah will never make him the loser.”
Unsatisfied he went to the Holy Prophet himself and put the same questions to him, and he also gave him the same replies as Hadrat Abu Bakr had given. Afterwards Hadrat Umar continued to offer voluntary prayers and give aims so that Allah may pardon his insolence that he had shown towards the Holy Prophet on that occasion.
Two things in the treaty were highly disturbing for the Muslims first, the second condition, about which they said that it was an expressly unfair condition, for if they had to return a fugitive from Makkah, why should not the Quraish return a fugitive from Madinah? To this the Holy Prophet replied: “What use would be he to us, who fled from us to them? May Allah keep him away from us!And if we return the one who flees to us from them, Allah will create some other way out for him.” The other thing that was rankling in their minds was the fourth condition.
The Muslims thought that agreeing to it meant that they were going back unsuccessful and this was humiliating. Furthermore, the question that was causing them feel upset wad that they had accepted the condition of going back without performing the pilgrimage to the Ka’bah, whereas the Holy Prophet had seen in the vision that they were performing tawaf at Makkah. To this the Holy Prophet replied that in his vision the year had not been specified. According to the treaty conditions, therefore, they would perform the tawaf the following year if it pleased Allah.
The Muslims thought that agreeing to it meant that they were going back unsuccessful and this was humiliating. Furthermore, the question that was causing them feel upset wad that they had accepted the condition of going back without performing the pilgrimage to the Ka’bah, whereas the Holy Prophet had seen in the vision that they were performing tawaf at Makkah. To this the Holy Prophet replied that in his vision the year had not been specified. According to the treaty conditions, therefore, they would perform the tawaf the following year if it pleased Allah.
Right at the time when the document was being written, Suhail bin ‘Amr’s own son, Abu Jandal, who had become a Muslim and been imprisoned by the pagans of Makkah somehow escaped to the Holy Prophet’s camp. He had fetters on his feet and signs of violence on his body. He implored the Holy Prophet that he help secure his release from imprisonment.
The scene only increased the Companions’ dejection, and they were moved beyond control. But Suhail bin ‘Amr said the conditions of the agreement had been concluded between them although the writing was not yet complete; therefore, the boy should be returned to them. The Holy Prophet admitted his argument and Abu Jandal was returned to his oppressors.
The scene only increased the Companions’ dejection, and they were moved beyond control. But Suhail bin ‘Amr said the conditions of the agreement had been concluded between them although the writing was not yet complete; therefore, the boy should be returned to them. The Holy Prophet admitted his argument and Abu Jandal was returned to his oppressors.
When the document was finished, the Holy Prophet spoke to the Companions and told them to slaughter their sacrificial animals at that very place, shave their heads and put off the pilgrim garments, but no one moved from his place.
The Holy Prophet repeated the order thrice but the Companions were so overcome by depression and dejection that they did not comply. During his entire period of apostleship on no occasion had it ever happened that he should command his Companions to do a thing and they should not hasten to comply with it.
This caused him a great shock, and he repaired to his tent and expressed his grief before his wife, Hadrat Umm Salamah. She said, “You may quietly go and slaughter your own camel and call the barber and have your head shaved. After that the people would automatically do what you did and would understand that whatever decision had been taken would not be changed.” Precisely the same thing happened. The people slaughtered their animals, shaved their heads or cut their hair short and put off the pilgrim garb, but their hearts were still afflicted with grief.
The Holy Prophet repeated the order thrice but the Companions were so overcome by depression and dejection that they did not comply. During his entire period of apostleship on no occasion had it ever happened that he should command his Companions to do a thing and they should not hasten to comply with it.
This caused him a great shock, and he repaired to his tent and expressed his grief before his wife, Hadrat Umm Salamah. She said, “You may quietly go and slaughter your own camel and call the barber and have your head shaved. After that the people would automatically do what you did and would understand that whatever decision had been taken would not be changed.” Precisely the same thing happened. The people slaughtered their animals, shaved their heads or cut their hair short and put off the pilgrim garb, but their hearts were still afflicted with grief.
Later, when this caravan was returning to Madinah, feeling depressed and dejected at the truce of Hudaibiyah, this Surah came down at Dajnan (or according to some others, at Kura’ al-Ghamim), which told the Muslims that the treaty that they were regarding an their defeat, was indeed a great victory.
After it had come down, the Holy Prophet summoned the Muslims together and said: “Today such a thing has been sent down to me, which is more valuable to me than the world and what it contains.” Then be recited this Surah, especially to Hadrat Umar, for he was the one who was feeling most dejected.
After it had come down, the Holy Prophet summoned the Muslims together and said: “Today such a thing has been sent down to me, which is more valuable to me than the world and what it contains.” Then be recited this Surah, especially to Hadrat Umar, for he was the one who was feeling most dejected.
Although the believers were satisfied when they heard this Divine Revelation, not much longer afterwards the advantages of this treaty began to appear one after the other until every one became fully convinced that this peace treaty indeed was a great victory:
In it for the first time the existence of the Islamic State in Arabia was duly recognized. Before this in the eyes of the Arabs the position of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be Allah’s peace) and his Companions was no more than of mere rebels against the Quraish and other Arab tribes, and they regarded them as the outlaws.
Now the Quraish themselves by concluding this agreement with the Holy Prophet recognized his sovereignty over the territories of the Islamic State and opened the way for the Arab tribes to enter treaties of alliance with either of the political powers they liked.
Now the Quraish themselves by concluding this agreement with the Holy Prophet recognized his sovereignty over the territories of the Islamic State and opened the way for the Arab tribes to enter treaties of alliance with either of the political powers they liked.
By admitting the right of pilgrimage to the House of Allah for the Muslims, the Quraish also admitted that Islam was not an anti-religious creed, as they had so far been thinking, but it was one of the admitted religions of Arabia, and like the other Arabs, its followers also had the right to perform the rites of hajj and umrah. This diminished the hatred in the Arabs hearts that had been caused by the propaganda made by the Quraish against Islam.
The signing of a no-war pact for ten years provided full peace to the Muslims, and spreading to every nook and corner of Arabia they preached Islam with such spirit and speed that within two years after Hudaibiyah the number of the people who embraced Islam far exceeded those who bad embraced it during the past 19 year or so.
It was all due to this treaty that two years later when in consequence of the Quraish’s violating the treaty the Holy Prophet invaded Makkah, he was accompanied by an army 10,000 strong, whereas on the occasion of Hudaibiyah only 1,400 men had joined him in the march.
It was all due to this treaty that two years later when in consequence of the Quraish’s violating the treaty the Holy Prophet invaded Makkah, he was accompanied by an army 10,000 strong, whereas on the occasion of Hudaibiyah only 1,400 men had joined him in the march.
After the suspension of hostilities by the Quraish the Holy Prophet had the opportunity to establish and strengthen Islamic rule in the territories under him and to turn the Islamic society into a full fledged civilization and way of life by the enforcement of Islamic law.
This is that great blessing about which Allah says in verse 3 of Surah Al-Ma’idah:”Today I have perfected your Religion for you and completed My blessing on you and approved Islam as the Way of Life for you.” (for explanation, see Introduction to Surah Al-Ma’idah and its E. N. 15).
This is that great blessing about which Allah says in verse 3 of Surah Al-Ma’idah:”Today I have perfected your Religion for you and completed My blessing on you and approved Islam as the Way of Life for you.” (for explanation, see Introduction to Surah Al-Ma’idah and its E. N. 15).
Another gain that accrued from the truce with the Quraish was that being assured of peace from the south the Muslims overpowered all the opponent forces in the north and central Arabia easily. Just three months after Hudaibiyah, Khaiber, the major stronghold of the Jews, was conquered and after it the Jewish settlements of Fadak, Wad-il Qura, Taima and Tabuk also fell to Islam one after the other.
Then all other tribes of central Arabia, which were bound in alliance with the Jews and Quraish, came under the sway of Islam. Thus, within two years after Hudaibiyah the balance of power in Arabia was so changed that the strength of the Quraish and pagan gave way and the domination of Islam became certain.
Then all other tribes of central Arabia, which were bound in alliance with the Jews and Quraish, came under the sway of Islam. Thus, within two years after Hudaibiyah the balance of power in Arabia was so changed that the strength of the Quraish and pagan gave way and the domination of Islam became certain.
These were the blessings that the Muslims gained from the peace treaty which they were looking upon as their defeat and the Quraish as their victory. However, what had troubled the Muslims most in this treaty, was the condition about the fugitives from Makkah and Madinah, that the former would be returned and the latter would not be returned.
But not much long afterwards this condition also proved to be disadvantageous for the Quraish, and experience revealed what far reaching consequences of it had the Holy Prophet fore seen and then accepted it.
A few days after the treaty a Muslim of Makkah, Abu Basir, escaped from the Quraish and reached Madinah. The Quraish demanded him back and the Holy Prophet returned him to their men who had been sent from Makkah to arrest him. But while on the way to Makkah he again fled and went and sat on the road by the Red Sea shore, which the trade caravans of the Quraish took to Syria.
After that every Muslim who succeeded in escaping from the Quraish would go and join Abu Basir instead of going to Madinah, until 70 men gathered there. They would attack any Quraish caravan that passed the way and cut it into pieces at last, the Quraish themselves begged the Holy Prophet to call those men to Madinah, and the condition relating to the return of the fugitives of itself became null and void.
But not much long afterwards this condition also proved to be disadvantageous for the Quraish, and experience revealed what far reaching consequences of it had the Holy Prophet fore seen and then accepted it.
A few days after the treaty a Muslim of Makkah, Abu Basir, escaped from the Quraish and reached Madinah. The Quraish demanded him back and the Holy Prophet returned him to their men who had been sent from Makkah to arrest him. But while on the way to Makkah he again fled and went and sat on the road by the Red Sea shore, which the trade caravans of the Quraish took to Syria.
After that every Muslim who succeeded in escaping from the Quraish would go and join Abu Basir instead of going to Madinah, until 70 men gathered there. They would attack any Quraish caravan that passed the way and cut it into pieces at last, the Quraish themselves begged the Holy Prophet to call those men to Madinah, and the condition relating to the return of the fugitives of itself became null and void.
The Surah should be read with this historical background in view in order to fully understand it.
Tags: Al Fat-h
